عند التحويل من المبني للمعلوم إلى المبني للمجهول نتبع الآتي: 1. نقدم المفعول به أول الجملة.
2. نأتي بـ V. to (Be) في نفس زمن وتصريف الفعل الرئيسي. (أي أنه إذا وجد بالجملة فعل مساعد فإننا نضعه قبل V. to (Be) ثم نأتي بـ V. to (Be) في نفس تصريف الفعل فإذا كان الفعل في المصدر نأتي بـ V. to (Be) في المصدر وإذا كان الفعل مضاف له (ing) نأتي بـ V. to (Be) مضاف له (ing))
3. نضع الفعل بعد V. to (Be) في التصريف الثالث.
4. إذا كان الفاعل ضروري ذكره نضعه آخر الجملة وقبله كلمة (by
The Present Continuous زمن المضارع المستمر المعلوم : الفاعل + am / is / are + V. – ing + المفعول المجهول : المفعول + am / is / are + being + P.P. Ex. Don't worry, mother is preparing lunch at the moment. Don't worry, lunch is being prepared at the moment.
The Past Continuous زمن الماضي المستمر المعلوم : الفاعل + was / were + V. – ing + المفعول المجهول : المفعول + was / were + being + P.P. Ex. While the thieves were robbing the bank, the police arrived. While the bank was being robbed, the police arrived
The Present Perfect Tense زمن المضارع التام المعلوم : الفاعل + have / has + P.P. + المفعول المجهول : المفعول + have / has + been + P.P. Ex. Businessmen have reclaimed vast areas of the desert. Vast areas of the desert have been reclaimed.
المجهول : المفعول + Modal Verb + be + P.P. Ex. We will organise a competition for children. A competition will be organised for children. المعلوم : الفاعل + Modal Verb + have + P.P. + المفعول المجهول : المفعول + Modal Verb + have + been + P.P. Ex. You should have sent the reply yesterday. The reply should have been sent yesterday. Verb + to + Inf. المعلوم : الفاعل + V. + to + Inf. + المفعول المجهول : المفعول + V. + to + be + P.P. Ex. He is going to mend the cassette tomorrow. The cassette is going to be mended tomorrow. Ex. I need to buy a new car for the company. A new car needs to be bought for the company.
say / tellيخبر / believeيعتقد / think يعتقد /considerيعتبر /deny ينكر reportيبلغ /discover يكتشف /know يعرف /supposeيفترض / expect يتوقع declare يعلن /assumeيفترض /show يبين /feel يشعر /claim يطالب , يدعي find 1. أن نعوض عن المفعول به بالضمير (It) ونقدمه أول الجملة ثم نصرف الفعل في صيغة المبني للمجهول ثم نكمل الجملة. It + is / was + P.P. + باقي الجملة 2. أن نعتبر الذي وقع عليه الكلام هو المفعول به ونقدمه أو الجملة ثم نصرف الفعل في صيغة المبني للمجهول ثم نربط بـ (to) ثم المصدر. الاسم + is / are / was / were + P.P. + to + Inf. …… .
Ex. People say that he is very intelligent. It is said that he is very intelligent. He is said to be very clever. Ex. The police reported that the criminal escaped from the prison. It was reported that the criminal escaped from the ….......... . The criminal was reported to escape from the prison.
إذا كان فعل الجملة المبنية للمعلوم أحد الأفعال التي يليها المصدر بدون (to ) مثل : let – make – see – hear - help فأننا عند التحويل إلى المبني للمجهول نضع المصدر مسبوقا بـ To
1- we saw them go out. * They were seen to go out
2- He made her study hard. * She was made to study hard.
عند التحويل من المبني للمعلوم إلى المبني للمجهول نتبع الآتي:
ردحذف1. نقدم المفعول به أول الجملة.
2. نأتي بـ V. to (Be) في نفس زمن وتصريف الفعل الرئيسي.
(أي أنه إذا وجد بالجملة فعل مساعد فإننا نضعه قبل V. to (Be) ثم نأتي بـ V. to (Be) في نفس تصريف الفعل فإذا كان الفعل في المصدر نأتي بـ V. to (Be) في المصدر وإذا كان الفعل مضاف له (ing) نأتي بـ V. to (Be) مضاف له (ing))
3. نضع الفعل بعد V. to (Be) في التصريف الثالث.
4. إذا كان الفاعل ضروري ذكره نضعه آخر الجملة وقبله كلمة (by
The Present Simple Tense زمن المضارع البسيط
ردحذفالمفعول + am / is / are + P.P.
Ex. Doctor Ahmed examines the patients with X-rays
The patients are examined with X-rays
The Past Simple Tense زمن الماضي البسيط
ردحذف:
المجهول :
المفعول + was / were + P.P.
Ex. Mr. Ahmed set up a new factory in our town.
A new factory was set up in our town.
The Present Continuous زمن المضارع المستمر
ردحذفالمعلوم :
الفاعل + am / is / are + V. – ing + المفعول
المجهول :
المفعول + am / is / are + being + P.P.
Ex. Don't worry, mother is preparing lunch at the moment.
Don't worry, lunch is being prepared at the moment.
The Past Continuous زمن الماضي المستمر
ردحذفالمعلوم :
الفاعل + was / were + V. – ing + المفعول
المجهول :
المفعول + was / were + being + P.P.
Ex. While the thieves were robbing the bank, the police arrived.
While the bank was being robbed, the police arrived
The Present Perfect Tense زمن المضارع التام
ردحذفالمعلوم :
الفاعل + have / has + P.P. + المفعول
المجهول :
المفعول + have / has + been + P.P.
Ex. Businessmen have reclaimed vast areas of the desert.
Vast areas of the desert have been reclaimed.
The Past Perfect Tense زمن الماضي التام
ردحذفالمعلوم :
الفاعل + had + P.P. + المفعول
المجهول :
المفعول + had + been + P.P
Ex. After he had paid the fine, he was set free.
After the fine had been paid, he was set free.
The Modal Verbs الأفعال الناقصة
ردحذفالمعلوم :
الفاعل + Modal Verb + Inf. + المفعول
المجهول :
المفعول + Modal Verb + be + P.P.
Ex. We will organise a competition for children.
A competition will be organised for children.
المعلوم :
الفاعل + Modal Verb + have + P.P. + المفعول
المجهول :
المفعول + Modal Verb + have + been + P.P.
Ex. You should have sent the reply yesterday.
The reply should have been sent yesterday.
Verb + to + Inf.
المعلوم :
الفاعل + V. + to + Inf. + المفعول
المجهول :
المفعول + V. + to + be + P.P.
Ex. He is going to mend the cassette tomorrow.
The cassette is going to be mended tomorrow.
Ex. I need to buy a new car for the company.
A new car needs to be bought for the company.
هناك أفعال لها طريقتان للتحويل
ردحذفsay / tellيخبر / believeيعتقد / think يعتقد /considerيعتبر /deny ينكر reportيبلغ /discover يكتشف /know يعرف /supposeيفترض / expect يتوقع declare يعلن /assumeيفترض /show يبين /feel يشعر /claim يطالب , يدعي find
1. أن نعوض عن المفعول به بالضمير (It) ونقدمه أول الجملة ثم نصرف الفعل في صيغة المبني للمجهول ثم نكمل الجملة.
It + is / was + P.P. + باقي الجملة
2. أن نعتبر الذي وقع عليه الكلام هو المفعول به ونقدمه أو الجملة ثم نصرف الفعل في صيغة المبني للمجهول ثم نربط بـ (to) ثم المصدر.
الاسم + is / are / was / were + P.P. + to + Inf. …… .
Ex. People say that he is very intelligent.
It is said that he is very intelligent.
He is said to be very clever.
Ex. The police reported that the criminal escaped from the prison.
It was reported that the criminal escaped from the ….......... .
The criminal was reported to escape from the prison.
إذا كان فاعل الجملة , Nobody No oneلا يذكر عند التحويل إلي المبني للمجهول ولابد من نفي الفعل
ردحذف1- No one has beaten him at Tennis.
• He has not been beaten at Tennis.
إذا وجد في الجملة المبنية للمعلوم ظرف يوضح هذا الظرف قبل التصريف عند التحويل إلي المبني للمجهول
ردحذف.
1- Mother cooks the food excellently.
• The food is excellently cooked by mother.
في حالة وجود have بمعني يملك تحول إلي own, possess
ردحذف1- I have a car. * A car is owned by me.
في حالة وجود have to, has to, had to تحول إلي :.
ردحذفHave to be , has to be, had to be
1-They have to study the lessons.
* The lessons have to be studied by them.
2- We have to respect the law.
• The law has to be respected by us.
في حالة وجود must have تحول إلي must have been
ردحذفMy have been may have
Should have been should have
They should have met him.
* He should have been met by them.
My bicycle has disappeared. The thief must have stolen it.
My bicycle has disappeared. It must have stolen by the thief.
إذا كان هناك حرف جر يوضع حرف الجر بعد التصريف الثالث .
ردحذف1- They laughed at him.
He was laughed at by them.
– في حالة وجود جملة منفية بـ ( do not – does not ) نضع ( verb to be ) في المضارع البسيط
ردحذف(am – is – are )
• ي حالة وجود جملة منفية بـ ( did not ) نضع ( verb to be ) في الماضي البسيط ( was – were ) .
1- He did not writ the lesson.
* The lesson was not written by him.
2- She does not clean the house
• The house is not cleaned by her.
إذا كان فعل الجملة المبنية للمعلوم أحد الأفعال التي يليها المصدر بدون (to )
ردحذفمثل : let – make – see – hear - help فأننا عند التحويل إلى المبني للمجهول نضع المصدر مسبوقا بـ To
1- we saw them go out.
* They were seen to go out
2- He made her study hard.
* She was made to study hard.
3- He let me go out. * I was allowed to go out
عندما يكون الفاعل والمفعول واحد ( وهذا شائع ) مع Let نستعمل ضمير عاكس يعود علي الفاعل.
ردحذف1- Don’t let people hear you.
* Don’t let yourself ( yourselves ) be heard.
2- He let people cheat him.
* He let himself be cheated.
3- I don’t like people telling me what to do
* I don’t like being told what to do.
4- He hates people keeping him waiting.
• He hates being kept waiting.
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