● First he did the homework. Then he went to bed. (after) After he had done the homework, he went to bed.
After + فاعل + ماضي تام = Having + PP After he had done = Having done
●He went to bed after he had done the homework. (Having …) Having done the homework, he went to bed. ●As soon as they had arrived, we phoned them. (Having …) Having arrived, we phoned them.
فى حالة عدم وجود فاعل بعد after / before / when نستخدم V.+ing After Before + V.+ing When استخدام الماضي التام مع when يتوقف علي أي الحدثين وقع أولا • When she arrived, we had finished our lunch. = We had finished before she arrived. • When I had finished work, I went home. = After I had finished work, I went home.
Before + ماضي بسيط ماضي تام
First we turned off the lights. Then we left. (Before) Before we left, we had turned off the lights.
ماضي بسيط منفى + till / until ماضي تام
•He didn’t leave until I had given him permission. •After we had typed the report, we left. (until) •we didn’t leave until we had typed the report.
She heard the news. She fell unconsciousفقدت الوعي . (no sooner) She had no sooner heard the news than she fell unconscious. They went out. It started to rain. (hardly) They had hardly gone out when it started to rain. إذا بدأت الجملة بإحدى الكلمات السابقة ، تكون الجملة علي شكل سؤال (أي يتم تقديم الفعل المساعد / الناقص على الفاعل) •She heard the news. She fell unconscious. (No sooner..) No sooner had she heard the news than she fell unconscious. •They went out. It started to rain. (Hardly…) Hardly had they gone out when it started to rain.
يستخدم الماضى التام مع كلمة by the time إذا كان في الجملة ما يدل علي الماضي By the time he was 3 years old, he had learnt to walk. إذا كان في الجملة فعل واحد مع by :
By + وقت معين في الماضي past perfect
في حالة وجود فعلين مع by
By the time + ماضي بسيط ماضي تام
First everyone left. Then he got home. (By the time…) By the time he got home, everyone had left. By 10 o’clock yesterday, I had done three exercises.
يتكون من :had + PP
ردحذف- يستخدم الماضي التام ليصف حدث وقع قبل حدث آخر في الماضي....الحدث الذي انتهي اولا يكون ماضي تام الحدث الذي انتهي ثانيا يكون ماضي بسيط
After he had met his boss, he went to the airport
- When he arrived at the station, the train had left
مع الكلمات الدالة
ردحذفafter / before / when / as soon as / no sooner / till / until
No sooner … than
Hardly…. When
Scarcely … when
By the time
ماضي تام ماضي بسيط after=As soon as
ردحذف● First he did the homework. Then he went to bed. (after)
After he had done the homework, he went to bed.
After + فاعل + ماضي تام = Having + PP
After he had done = Having done
●He went to bed after he had done the homework. (Having …)
Having done the homework, he went to bed.
●As soon as they had arrived, we phoned them. (Having …)
Having arrived, we phoned them.
فى حالة عدم وجود فاعل بعد after / before / when نستخدم V.+ing
After
Before + V.+ing
When
استخدام الماضي التام مع when يتوقف علي أي الحدثين وقع أولا
• When she arrived, we had finished our lunch.
= We had finished before she arrived.
• When I had finished work, I went home.
= After I had finished work, I went home.
Before + ماضي بسيط ماضي تام
First we turned off the lights. Then we left. (Before)
Before we left, we had turned off the lights.
ماضي بسيط منفى + till / until ماضي تام
•He didn’t leave until I had given him permission.
•After we had typed the report, we left. (until)
•we didn’t leave until we had typed the report.
No sooner … than Hardly…. When Scarcely … when
ردحذفno sooner than
S. + had + hardly + PP. when + ماضي بسيط
Scarcely when
فاعل + had + no sooner + PP. than + ماضي بسيط
She heard the news. She fell unconsciousفقدت الوعي . (no sooner)
ردحذفShe had no sooner heard the news than she fell unconscious.
They went out. It started to rain. (hardly)
They had hardly gone out when it started to rain.
إذا بدأت الجملة بإحدى الكلمات السابقة ، تكون الجملة علي شكل سؤال (أي يتم تقديم الفعل المساعد / الناقص على الفاعل)
•She heard the news. She fell unconscious. (No sooner..)
No sooner had she heard the news than she fell unconscious.
•They went out. It started to rain. (Hardly…)
Hardly had they gone out when it started to rain.
يستخدم الماضى التام مع كلمة by the time إذا كان في الجملة ما يدل علي الماضي
ردحذفBy the time he was 3 years old, he had learnt to walk.
إذا كان في الجملة فعل واحد مع by :
By + وقت معين في الماضي past perfect
في حالة وجود فعلين مع by
By the time + ماضي بسيط ماضي تام
First everyone left. Then he got home. (By the time…)
By the time he got home, everyone had left.
By 10 o’clock yesterday, I had done three exercises.